SIMULATION

Advantages and Disadvantages of SIMULATION

* Advantages:

1- It is a safer way of learning.

2- The same manoeuvre can be repeated several times in quick succession.

3- Dangerous situations can be simulated at no risk to vehicle or driver.

* Disadvatages:

1- They are very expensive to buy and maintain.

2- It is impossible to replicate all possible difficult situations which a pilot or driver may experience.

3- Operators may become too overconfident  due to the fact that they are not in any physical danger and may make mistakes which would be catasrophic in the real situation.

*MONITORING SYSTEM*

What Is Monitoring System ?

A system monitor is a hardware- or software- based system used to monitor resources and performance in a computer system.

Applications For Monitoring System:

1- Weather Monitoring

2- Climate Monitoring

3- Medical Monitoring

4- Environment Monitoring

What is weather monitoring?

To keep a continuous track of the various atmospheric factors which constitute weather at a place is called weather monitoring. These days, weather monitoring is done by using the satellites stationed in outer space. The satellites revolving in outer space are fitted with powerful cameras which take the photographs of cloud formations in the atmosphere at short intervals and then transmit these photographs to the earth. These satellites also carry a large variety of scientific instruments which keep on collecting weather-related data in the atmosphere and send this information to the meteorological centers of the earth.

How it works?

The atmospheric photographs and other weather related data sent by the satellite is analyzed and processed at the meteorological centers and then weather forecasting (or prediction) is done for the various regions of the country. That is, it is announced in advance whether a particular area is going to have rainfall, snowfall or a cyclone. In our country, the satellite technology has already proved its potential in collecting information about the various factors of the atmosphere which govern the weather and climatic conditions. These days, weather monitoring and forecasting in our country is being done with the help of "INSAT" satellite.

Design

In systems design the design functions and operations are described in detail, including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams and other documentation. The output of this stage will describe the new system as a collection of modules or subsystems.
The design stage takes as its initial input the requirements identified in the approved requirements document. For each requirement, a set of one or more design elements will be produced as a result of interviews, workshops, and/or prototype efforts.
Design elements describe the desired software features in detail, and generally include functional hierarchy diagrams, screen layout diagrams, tables of business rules, business process diagrams, pseudocode, and a complete entity-relationship diagram with a full data dictionary. These design elements are intended to describe the software in sufficient detail that skilled programmers may develop the software with minimal additional input design.

There are several tools and techniques used for designing. These tools and techniques are:

1-Flowchart
2-Data flow diagram (DFDs)
3-Data dictionary
4-Structured English
5-Decision table
6-Decision tree

Benefits:
1-Improved system performance; individually tailored configuration advice demonstrates where improvement is necessary, and how to improve the system to regain lost performance.

2-Customers gain a detailed understanding of how their users use their system. This Usage Profile can be leveraged to develop future architecture changes.

3-Potential to learn of future concerns, allowing customers to take proactive measures to avoid problems.

4-A baseline performance level is established against which benefits can be compared and changes to the system predicted or foreseen.

Flowchart

Flowchart

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows. This diagrammatic representation can give a step-by-step solution to a given problem. Process operations are represented in these boxes, and arrows connecting them represent flow of control. Data flows are not typically represented in a flowchart, in contrast with data flow diagrams; rather, they are implied by the sequencing of operations. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.

Process flow diagram

Process flow diagram

A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations. Another commonly-used term for a PFD is a flowsheet.

Data flow diagram

Data flow diagram

Is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system, modelling its process aspects. Often they are a preliminary step used to create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated.DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design).



System Analysis

►System Analysis◄

- System analysis is:

The study of sets of interacting entities, including computer systems analysis. This field is closely related to requirements analysis or operations research. It is also "an explicit formal inquiry carried out to help someone (referred to as the decision maker) identify a better course of action and make a better decision than he might otherwise have made.

- Steps Of Analysis:

* Collecting information on how the existing system works

* Establishing its inputs, outputs & processing

* Recording information, for example in the form of data flow diagrams

* Identifying problems

- Methods Of Analysis:

* Examination of documents

* Interviews

* Observation

* Questionnaires